基于正交设计的膨胀岩相似材料试验研究

为了能够较准确配制出膨胀岩的膨胀性相似材料,以满足小比例相似模型试验的需要,采用正交试验的方法对膨胀岩的膨胀性相似材料配比进行研究.试验以砂、膨润土、石灰、外加剂(羟丙基甲基纤维素)及拌合用水为材料,采用自由膨胀率和体积膨胀量为直接指标,干燥饱和吸水率为间接指标,并考虑单轴抗压强度,设计4因素4水平的试验方案.试验结果表明,本次试验的配合比可用于膨胀性岩石的相似材料模型试验,为膨胀岩实验室模拟研究提供较为理想的材料.     

Phylogenetic analysis of extreme morphologies: deep-sea holasteroid echinoids

Because of their ‘bizarre’ features, some echinoids can be considered laboratories in which to analyse the origin of extreme morphologies. The holasteroid family Urechinidae Duncan, 1889 is such a group. It is composed of 18 previously named living species in three genera: Urechinus A. Agassiz, 1879, Plexechinus A. Agassiz, 1898, and Pilematechinus A. Agassiz, 1904. With Stereopneustes, the most closely related living taxon, and the calymnid-plus-pourtalesiid clade as outgroups, a phylogenetic analysis on 35 binary characters is produced. We focus on two major aspects of morphology: test features (apical system, basicoronals, interambulacrum 5, test shape, ambulacra) and external appendages (pedicellariae, spines, sphaeridia). New data on plate architecture, morphology, and appendages are illustrated, and the position of the fossil, Chelonechinus, is discussed. We show that the Urechinidae is paraphyletic: the genus Plexechinus shares more recent common ancestry with the calymnids and pourtalesiids than with other urechinids. In order to retain the well-circumscribed clade, Pilematechinus A. Agassiz, 1904, the phylogenetic classification also recognizes two additional genera: Cystechinus A. Agassiz, 1879, and Antrechinus new genus. A key to the species is provided. The production of extreme morphologies, such as internal parental care, is explored by mapping test size, the occurrence of fascioles, and periproct position onto the phylogeny. By adding plates early in ontogeny, Pilematechinus develops radically different plate architectures from another genus of large forms, Cystechinus. In contrast, the latter gets large by exaggerating allometric trends seen in other holasteroids. Paedomorphosis and miniaturization have evolved independently in Antrechinus and some Plexechinus, but always by truncation of allometric trajectories.     

Microhabitat selection in the sand recluse spider (Sicarius thomisoides): the effect of rock size and temperature

In spiders, temperature is considered an important environmental variable for microhabitat selection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and rock size on the presence of the sand recluse spider Sicarius thomisoides and the degree of selectivity in different locations. This species is a large spider that lives under rocks in desert and semi-desert climates and is particularly active during the summer. In Chile, these spiders can be found at both coastal and inland locations under different thermal conditions, where usually the temperatures are lower near the coast. If large-scale climatic conditions are important for this species, they may be expected to select lower rock temperatures on the coast than at inland locations. In addition, we would expect that the spiders would choose larger rocks in inland compared to coast locations, which reduce the effect of high temperatures. We found that the probability of finding individuals of this species increased according to rock temperature and rock size in the field. Our results suggest that S. thomisoides prefers larger and warmer rocks to shelter under during the day, this selectivity being similar at both coastal and inland locations. Thus, this species tends to select rocks with the same thermal and structural conditions, independent of the climatic conditions.     

基于卷积ADMM网络的高效结构化稀疏ISAR成像方法

结构化稀疏逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR)成像是空间态势感知与目标识别的重要手段。该问题可通过压缩感知(compressive sensing, CS)方法解决。目前, 许多传统CS方法仍存在运算效率低、参数适应性不强等问题。针对该问题, 本文提出了一种基于卷积交替方向乘子法网络(convolutional alternating direction method of multipliers network, C-ADMMN)的结构化稀疏ISAR成像方法。利用深度展开方法, 结合传统结构化稀疏ISAR成像模型, 构建C-ADMMN网络。通过监督学习, C-ADMMN仅需约10层网络便可达到传统方法上百次迭代的效果, 具有较高的运算效率且对不同目标具有一定适应性。基于仿真与实测数据的实验结果验证了网络的高效性与参数适应性。     

紧邻地铁站的超大深基坑逆作法变形规律研究

某超大深基坑紧邻城市2条地铁线交汇处的换乘站,周围环境复杂,基坑施工难度大,因此基坑支护结构施工顺利及对相邻地铁站的变形控制成为工程成败的关键。文章结合基坑工程2种施工方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS GTS建立三维有限元模型,研究了基坑盖挖逆作法施工对地表沉降、支护结构和相邻地铁站的变形和受力影响,得出影响逆作法施工的相关因素,并提出相关解决措施与建议。采用盖挖逆作法施工能够较好地控制基坑支护结构的变形,同时减小对地表和地铁站的影响。综合考虑基坑施工对围护结构、地表和地铁换乘站的影响,首层土体暗挖法要优于明挖法,但是暗挖法对围护结构强度和刚度要求高,特别是楼板临时洞口处。所得相关结论和建议可供设计和施工参考。     

宽沟矿卸压冲击煤层综采面矿压显现规律

中国煤炭开采规模的不断增大和深化,煤矿冲击地压发生的情况也复杂多变,致灾影响因素众多。目前冲击地压灾害仍然是困扰煤矿安全生产的主要灾害之一。根据新疆准南煤田宽沟煤矿条件,采用系统的矿压观测手段,结合工作面煤柱观测和液压支架工况研究,分析了冲击煤层顶板卸压煤柱应力分布规律,及其对液压支架工作特性的影响,研究揭示了冲击煤层在顶板卸压条件下的综采工作面矿压特点。结果表明,适时进行工作面的顶板水压预裂和爆破切顶处理,对工作面顶板矿压显现控制有重要的作用。研究对类似冲击煤层综采工作面的安全生产具有参考价值。     

回采过断层采用深孔爆破技术的研究

介绍了3807回采工作面的地质构造情况,论述了采用深孔爆破技术解决回采工作面过断层的工艺,指出该工艺技术对于生产条件较差、岩石较多的回采工作面提高单产具有很好的借鉴作用。     

兵棋推演空中任务智能预测方法研究

对战场敌空中目标作战任务进行高效、准确地自动判断，是态势认知的基础和辅助作战资源分配的关键。结合前馈深度神经网络和长短时记忆网络模型计算特点，设计了2个针对性基指标学习器，然后根据基指标交叉熵进行加权组合，用于进一步学习器训练评价指标，既能有效防止模型过拟合，又能提高模型训练效率。测试结果表明，所提模型能较好防止模型过拟合，并能以较高的准确率判断战场敌目标作战任务。     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

沿空留巷联合支护技术研究

基于巷旁支护前期的切顶作用以及后期支护体的高支撑力的要求,通过综合技术比较和经济比较,提出了一种将切顶支柱和间隔＂编织袋＂混凝土墙联合布置使用的方案。＂编织袋＂混凝土在充填采空区提供高强支撑力的同时可以有效防止采空区矸石冲击切顶支柱。工程实践表明,在采场顶板坚硬出现悬顶的中厚煤层中,该方案是一种理想的沿空留巷技术。